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摘要：
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长江口深水航道的回淤预测和减淤措施问题,是长江口深水航道治理工程的根本性问题。对于影响深水航道回淤的二个主要因素(长江口特别是北槽的长期演变趋势,以及航道所在水域的地形及水、沙运动情况)应及时加以分析和控制。在确保总体河势相对稳定的前提下,正确预测航道的回淤量及其分布,是工程建设方案论证和制定疏浚维护方案的重要依据。通过一期治理工程的实践,在8.5m航道的成槽及维护方面积累了经验,航道的减淤措施也可基本概括为两大部分,一是通过整治建筑物稳定北槽的河势,调整并稳定流场和地形,并挡沙入北槽;二是正确确定航槽位置,建立科学合理的航道通航标准和施工工艺,提高维护疏浚的管理水平。
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The prediction of backsiltation and the countermeasures against siltation in the deep waterways in the Yangtze estuary are the essential problems for the project to regulate the deep waterways in the Yangtze estuary.The two major factors affecting the most the backsiltation in the deep waterways,namely the longterm trend of evolution of the Yangtze estuary,especially in the north passage,and the bad configuration as well as the water and sand movement in the water areas where the waterways are located,should be timely analyzed and controlled.Correct prediction of the amount and distribution of backsiltation in the waterways,under the condition of ensuring the relative stability of the overall river conditions,is an important basis for the verification of the construction plans and the maintenance dredging plans.Experience has been gained in the dredging and maintenance of the 85 m deep waterway in the first stage of the project.The measures to minimize the backsiltation in the waterways can be basically categorized into two major aspects.One is building the regulating construction to stabilized the river and to regulate and stabilize the current field and the bed configuration in the north passage as well as to fend off the sand coming into the waterway.The other one is correctly determining the location of the navigation channels and establishing scientific and rational criteria for navigation and technology for waterway construction,thus improving the management level of maintenance dredging.
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